A refutational work by a major Shafiʻi scholar of the ninth century AH, dispelling a misattribution of anthropomorphist or deviant positions to the noble Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. The work defends the theological integrity of Imam Ahmadʻs position and refutes those who have attributed anthropomorphic or problematic theological positions to him, drawing on the transmitted evidence to establish the correct understanding of his theological stance within the Sunni tradition.

The question of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbalʻs theological positions on divine attributes has been debated across the tradition, with different schools attributing positions to him that align with their own theological commitments. Imam al-Hisniʻs work contributes to the Shafiʻi and Ashʻari scholarly tradition of defending the honour of Imam Ahmad and clarifying his positions through careful engagement with the transmitted evidence.

Who It Is For Students and scholars of Islamic theology with an interest in the theological debates surrounding Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbalʻs positions on divine attributes.

Its Place in the Tradition Contributes to the Shafiʻi and Ashʻari tradition of scholarly engagement with questions surrounding the theological positions of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

Discipline Rudud. A refutation of the misattribution of anthropomorphist positions to Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, by a major ninth-century Shafiʻi scholar from Damascus.

Level Advanced

Imam Taqi al-Din Abu Bakr al-Hisni al-Dimashqi

752–829 AH / 1350–1426 CE

Imam Taqi al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn ʻAbd al-Muʻmin al-Hisni al-Dimashqi (752–829 AH / 1350–1426 CE) was one of the foremost Shafiʻi scholars of the ninth century AH and a major authority in Syrian Islamic scholarship. Born in Damascus, he mastered Shafiʻi jurisprudence, hadith, and theology, and produced important works in fiqh and the refutation of heterodox positions. He is well known for his Kifayat al-Akhyar fi Hall Ghayat al-Ikhtisar, a standard Shafiʻi fiqh reference that continues to be studied in traditional institutions.

Published by Dar Ihyaʻ al-Kutub al-ʻArabiyyah (ʻIsa al-Babi al-Halabi wa-Shurakaʻuh). Original edition dated 1350 AH.

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